These are my favorite releases of this decade, by year. If you want an essentials list, you can literally find a dozen with a few seconds of searching.
2010:
Harlem - Hippies
Favorite track: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gNAn5CdtRw
Dirty Projectors + Bjork - Mount Wittenberg Orca
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OquMlYFtnE
Janelle Monae - The ArchAndroid
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxvEn9wNkBQ
2011:
St. Vincent - Strange Mercy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Itt0rALeHE8
Liturgy - Aesthethica
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88J-sEN7FB0
Gang Gang Dance - Eye Contact
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_bkNR-zOn8
2012:
Death Grips - The Money Store
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoZgZT4DGSY
Swans - The Seer
Listen to the whole thing.
Fiona Apple - The Idler Wheel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIlLq4BqGdg
2013:
QOTSA - Like Clockwork
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdiSbAaVICc
Chelsea Wolfe - Pain is Beauty
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wdxTyBTwjU
Unknown Mortal Orchestra - II
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGEx8SfI540
2014:
Mitski - Bury Me at Makeout Creek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAX4sckx5l0
St. Vincent - s/t
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gD-jD5f84w
Ava Luna - Electric Balloon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBXUu0uNXb0
Jenny Hval & Susanna - Meshes of Voice
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaZo5QK0R4A
2015:
Clarence Clarity - No Now
Just listen to it all.
Sleater-Kinney - No Cities To Love
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgZ2rnzprBE
Empress Of - Me
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IoSagKdsYU
Everything Everything - Get To Heaven
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3FO46D1dqs
Susanne Sundfor - Ten Love Songs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdSB_PcBW3k
2016 (so far):
The Hotelier - Goodness
Just listen to it all.
Thao & the Get Down Stay Down - A Man Alive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fokoZs6SLdI
Xiu Xiu - Plays The Music of Twin Peaks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItnDN-XIh_g